本篇為介紹固定現金流投資標的 ─ 美股交易所交易債券 Exchange traded debt (ETD)
- 何謂交易所交易債券(ETD)
- ETD的重要資訊
- 如何挑選ETD
- 購買ETD時間點
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簡介交易所交易債券(ETD):在美國交易所可以購買公司發行的ETD這類金融商品。ETD的本質是債券,所以主要是賺利息而非價差。ETD給予的利息約4-9%。整體而言,ETD的特性介於債券與股票之間。它的波動性低於股票,但可以穩定領利息。在購買價格方面,可以25元/股來購買單股,而非債券一包通常動輒上千美元,在價格上具親民性。發放利息優於債券,但缺點是償債順位低於債券。除此之外,ETD還有一個極大的優勢就是不扣稅,因為ETD屬性是"債"而非"股",所以台灣人投資ETD不需加扣高達30%的股息稅。結論,ETD適合當作現金流配置的一環,但是整體投資配置不宜過高。
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直債
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ETD
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美股
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類型
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債券
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債券
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股票
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波動性
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低
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中
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高
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面額
|
100
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25
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不等
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獲利
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利息
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利息為主
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價差為主
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償債順位
(公司倒了怎麼賠
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高
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次高
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最低
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稅
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無
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無
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股息30%
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2. ETD的重要資訊
這邊強烈建議使用quantumonline網站來查詢欲購買的ETD資料
在quick serch輸入ETD代碼,以下以EBAY發行的EBAYL來說明
- ETD代碼 ─ EBAYL
- 票面利率 ─ 6%,每年發1.5元/股
- ETD會有兩個很重要的日期
- maturity date(到期日-2056/2/1):ETD是債券的一種,因此會有一個"到期日"來強制公司以票面價買回這些債券。ETD的到期日通常都是4-50年之後,相當長期。
- call date(招回日-2021/3/01):在到期日之前的時間。招回日過後,公司有權以票面價回收ETD,回收的量也是由公司決定,因此有些公司過call date就會開始逐步、分階段的回收所發行的高利息的ETD,投資人盡量購買低於票面價格的ETD,避免本金虧損。
- 信用評等-BBB+:這個資訊很重要,代表信評公司對於此ETD的評價。投資級:BBB-以上(A~BBB-),非投資級BB+以下(BB+~C),強烈建議剛入門的投資人只購買投資級的ETD先試試水溫。值得注意的是,信用評等並非固定的,信評公司會依據現況來調整級別,因此有可能購買時是投資級,但是公司經營每況愈下被逐步降階成非投資級。
- 利息發行日-2、5、8、11月:ETD利息通常分四季發放
3. 如何挑選ETD
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筆者標準
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條件1
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信用評等BBB-以上
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條件2
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購買價格在票面價格之下(通常是25元以下)
─若超過call date,價位在面額之下(25元以下) ─若沒超過call date,可自行計算到期殖利率YTM是否划算
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ETD要滿足以上條件才購買,其實時機點並不多。因此,筆者其實也會少量購買"非投資級"或是根本沒有信評的標的,例如GMLPP、LMHB等。但是筆者購買的價格一定都小於票面價格(一般是25元),這是避免一旦買入ETD,結果公司宣布要call back,會馬上造成本身的損失。而若是還沒到call date,我其實懶得去算到期殖利率YTM,所以一律買票面價(25元)以下的價位。
值得注意的是,ETD的波動性遠大於直債,若是非投資級的ETD,波動性甚至不亞於股票,所以適當、分散的購買ETD標的才是好的投資策略。
4. 購買ETD時間點
前一段落有提到,筆者購買的價位都是票面價以下(25元以下),可惜若是投資級的ETD其實很難等到此價格。以EBAY發行的EBAYL為例(BBB+,票面利率6%,call date: 2021/3/1),要等到25元以下只有2018年底以及2020/3月的股災,ETD才有機會被拉到25元以下。這情況甚至有點可遇不可求阿~
因此,建議平時建立ETD關注列表,一旦價格掉到甜蜜價就可以進場掃貨 (購買時還是應該秉持適量、分散)
若真的手癢想買高於票面價的ETD,可以簡單估算若到期日就call back(最差的狀況),手上持有的ETD是否會虧錢。還是以EBAYL為例,利息發行日為2、5、8、11月,每次發行0.375元/股,call date:2021/3/1,所以若是2020/7月進場則還可以領3次利息=1.125元,因此若購買26.125元的EBAYL在不考慮時間成本之下,就是打平的狀況。
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